Mass Flux Density Converter
Convert between different mass flux density units including kilogram per second per square meter, gram per second per square meter, and pound per hour per square foot.
Result
1 Second·Square Meter = 1000 Second·Square Meter
Understanding Mass Flux Density Units: Kilogram per Second per Square Meter to Gram per Second per Square Meter and Mass Transfer
Mass flux density converters are essential tools for calculating mass transfer rates, surface flux, diffusion flux, evaporation rates, and condensation rates in chemical engineering, materials science, and environmental engineering. Whether you're working with kilograms per second per square meter (kg/(s·m²)), grams per second per square meter (g/(s·m²)), grams per second per square centimeter (g/(s·cm²)), kilograms per hour per square meter (kg/(h·m²)), kilograms per hour per square foot (kg/(h·ft²)), pounds per hour per square foot (lb/(h·ft²)), pounds per second per square foot (lb/(s·ft²)), or any of fifteen mass flux density units, understanding mass flux density conversions is crucial for engineers, scientists, and analysts in chemical processing, materials engineering, environmental monitoring, pharmaceutical manufacturing, and process control industries.
Mass flux density measurements quantify the rate of mass flow per unit area, representing mass transfer rate essential for diffusion calculations, evaporation studies, condensation analysis, and process design. From low mass flux densities like evaporation at 0.00001-0.001 kg/(s·m²) to high mass flux densities in chemical processes at 1-100 kg/(s·m²), and from laboratory measurements at 0.0001-0.01 g/(s·cm²) to industrial processes at 1-1000 kg/(h·m²), this comprehensive converter supports fifteen mass flux density units with instant, accurate results for all your mass transfer rate, surface flux, and diffusion flux calculations across different measurement systems.
How to Convert Mass Flux Density Units: Formulas and Methods
Kilogram per Second per Square Meter to Gram per Second per Square Meter Conversions
Converting from kg/(s·m²) to g/(s·m²) multiplies by 1000, since 1 kilogram equals 1000 grams. For example, a mass flux density of 1 kg/(s·m²) equals 1000 g/(s·m²). Converting to grams per second per square centimeter (g/(s·cm²)) multiplies by 10, since 1 square meter equals 10,000 square centimeters, and accounting for the mass conversion gives 1 kg/(s·m²) = 10 g/(s·cm²). Converting to kilograms per hour per square meter (kg/(h·m²)) multiplies by 3600, since 1 hour equals 3600 seconds, making 1 kg/(s·m²) equal to 3600 kg/(h·m²).
Time-Based Conversions: Hour and Minute Variations
Converting from kg/(s·m²) to kg/(h·m²) multiplies by 3600, since 1 hour equals 3600 seconds. For example, 1 kg/(s·m²) equals 3600 kg/(h·m²). Converting to kg/(min·m²) multiplies by 60, since 1 minute equals 60 seconds, making 1 kg/(s·m²) equal to 60 kg/(min·m²). Converting to g/(h·m²) multiplies by 3,600,000, accounting for both mass (1000x) and time (3600x) conversions, giving 1 kg/(s·m²) equals 3,600,000 g/(h·m²).
Pound per Hour per Square Foot and Imperial Conversions
Converting from kg/(s·m²) to pound per hour per square foot (lb/(h·ft²)) multiplies by 737.338, accounting for mass conversion (1 kg = 2.20462 lb), time conversion (1 h = 3600 s), and area conversion (1 m² = 10.764 ft²). For example, 1 kg/(s·m²) equals approximately 737.338 lb/(h·ft²). Converting to pound per second per square foot (lb/(s·ft²)) multiplies by 0.204816, making 1 kg/(s·m²) equal to 0.204816 lb/(s·ft²) for Imperial system measurements.
Area-Based Conversions: Square Centimeter and Square Foot
Converting between different area units affects mass flux density calculations. Converting from kg/(s·m²) to g/(s·cm²) multiplies by 10, since 1 m² = 10,000 cm² and 1 kg = 1000 g, giving 1 kg/(s·m²) = 10 g/(s·cm²). Converting to kg/(h·ft²) multiplies by 0.092903, since 1 m² = 10.764 ft² and 1 h = 3600 s, making 1 kg/(s·m²) equal to 0.092903 kg/(h·ft²) for area-based conversions.
Mass Flux Density Versus Mass Flow Rate and Fick's Law
Mass flux density (J, kg/(s·m²)) measures mass flow per unit area, while mass flow rate (ṁ, kg/s) measures total mass flow. They relate through area: J = ṁ/A, where A is area. Fick's law relates mass flux density to concentration gradient: J = -D(∂C/∂x), where D is diffusion coefficient and C is concentration. Converting mass flux density units helps engineers calculate diffusion rates, design separation processes, and compare international mass transfer standards when working with different measurement systems.
Mass Flux Density Conversion Reference Table
| kg/(s·m²) | g/(s·m²) | kg/(h·m²) | g/(s·cm²) | lb/(h·ft²) | lb/(s·ft²) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.0001 | 0.1 | 0.36 | 0.001 | 0.074 | 0.00002 |
| 0.001 | 1 | 3.6 | 0.01 | 0.74 | 0.0002 |
| 0.01 | 10 | 36 | 0.1 | 7.4 | 0.002 |
| 0.1 | 100 | 360 | 1 | 74 | 0.02 |
| 1 | 1000 | 3600 | 10 | 737 | 0.205 |
| 10 | 10000 | 36000 | 100 | 7373 | 2.05 |
Typical Mass Flux Density Values by Application
| Application | kg/(s·m²) | g/(s·m²) | kg/(h·m²) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Water evaporation (20°C) | 0.00001-0.0001 | 0.01-0.1 | 0.036-0.36 |
| Membrane separation | 0.001-0.01 | 1-10 | 3.6-36 |
| Chemical reaction (surface) | 0.01-1 | 10-1000 | 36-3600 |
| Distillation (condensation) | 0.1-10 | 100-10000 | 360-36000 |
| Coating deposition | 0.001-0.1 | 1-100 | 3.6-360 |
| Material erosion | 0.000001-0.0001 | 0.001-0.1 | 0.0036-0.36 |
| Diffusion (gas phase) | 0.0001-0.01 | 0.1-10 | 0.36-36 |
| Industrial processes | 1-100 | 1000-100000 | 3600-360000 |
Industry Applications and Use Cases
Chemical Engineering and Mass Transfer Operations
Chemical engineers use mass flux density measurements in kg/(s·m²) or g/(s·cm²) to design separation processes, optimize mass transfer operations, and calculate diffusion rates in distillation, extraction, and absorption processes. Typical process mass flux densities range from 0.01-100 kg/(s·m²) (0.1-1000 g/(s·cm²)) for various separation operations. Converting between kg/(s·m²), g/(s·m²), kg/(h·m²), and lb/(h·ft²) helps engineers work with international equipment specifications and process design standards when designing mass transfer systems.
Materials Engineering and Surface Processes
Materials engineers calculate mass flux densities in g/(s·cm²) or kg/(h·m²) to design coating processes, analyze surface reactions, and optimize deposition rates in thin film manufacturing. Typical coating mass flux densities range from 0.001-10 kg/(s·m²) (0.01-100 g/(s·cm²)) for various deposition processes. Converting between mass flux density units helps engineers design processes, select equipment, and compare international materials engineering standards when working with different measurement systems.
Environmental Engineering and Evaporation Studies
Environmental engineers use mass flux density measurements in kg/(h·m²) or lb/(h·ft²) to study evaporation rates, analyze water balance, and design water treatment systems. Typical evaporation mass flux densities range from 0.00001-0.001 kg/(s·m²) (0.036-3.6 kg/(h·m²)) for natural water bodies. Converting between mass flux density units helps engineers compare international environmental standards, design treatment systems, and analyze environmental processes when working with different measurement systems.
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing and Drug Delivery
Pharmaceutical engineers use mass flux densities in g/(s·m²) or kg/(h·m²) to design drug delivery systems, optimize release rates, and ensure manufacturing consistency in controlled-release formulations. Typical pharmaceutical mass flux densities range from 0.0001-0.1 kg/(s·m²) (0.36-360 kg/(h·m²)) for various drug delivery applications. Converting between mass flux density units helps engineers design formulations, select equipment, and compare international pharmaceutical manufacturing standards for precision drug production.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is mass flux density and how is it different from mass flow rate?
Mass flux density (J, kg/(s·m²)) measures mass flow per unit area, while mass flow rate (ṁ, kg/s) measures total mass flow. They relate through area: J = ṁ/A, where A is area. Mass flux density is used for surface-based calculations and diffusion studies, while mass flow rate is used for total flow calculations. Converting mass flux density units helps engineers work with different mass transfer measurements when designing processes.
How do I convert kg/(s·m²) to g/(s·m²)?
Multiply kg/(s·m²) by 1000 to get g/(s·m²), since 1 kilogram equals 1000 grams. For example, 1 kg/(s·m²) equals 1000 g/(s·m²), and 0.001 kg/(s·m²) equals 1 g/(s·m²). This conversion is exact and commonly used in chemical engineering and materials science.
How to convert kg/(s·m²) to kg/(h·m²)?
Multiply kg/(s·m²) by 3600 to get kg/(h·m²), since 1 hour equals 3600 seconds. For example, 1 kg/(s·m²) equals 3600 kg/(h·m²), and 0.001 kg/(s·m²) equals 3.6 kg/(h·m²). This conversion is commonly used when working with slow processes or hourly production rates.
How to convert kg/(s·m²) to lb/(h·ft²)?
Multiply kg/(s·m²) by 737.338 to get lb/(h·ft²), accounting for mass conversion (1 kg = 2.20462 lb), time conversion (1 h = 3600 s), and area conversion (1 m² = 10.764 ft²). For example, 1 kg/(s·m²) equals approximately 737 lb/(h·ft²).
What's the relationship between mass flux density and diffusion coefficient?
Fick's law relates mass flux density (J) to concentration gradient and diffusion coefficient (D): J = -D(∂C/∂x), where C is concentration and x is distance. Higher diffusion coefficients increase mass flux density for given concentration gradients. Converting mass flux density units helps engineers calculate diffusion rates, design separation processes, and compare international mass transfer standards when working with different measurement systems.
How to convert g/(s·cm²) to kg/(s·m²)?
Divide g/(s·cm²) by 10 to get kg/(s·m²), accounting for mass conversion (1 g = 0.001 kg) and area conversion (1 cm² = 0.0001 m²). For example, 10 g/(s·cm²) equals 1 kg/(s·m²), and 1 g/(s·cm²) equals 0.1 kg/(s·m²). This conversion is commonly used in materials science and surface chemistry.
How is mass flux density used in evaporation studies?
Mass flux density in kg/(h·m²) or lb/(h·ft²) measures evaporation rates from surfaces, essential for water balance calculations and environmental studies. Typical evaporation rates range from 0.00001-0.001 kg/(s·m²) depending on temperature, humidity, and wind conditions. Converting mass flux density units helps engineers analyze evaporation processes and design water management systems when working with different measurement systems.
How to convert lb/(s·ft²) to kg/(s·m²)?
Multiply lb/(s·ft²) by 4.88243 to get kg/(s·m²), accounting for mass conversion (1 lb = 0.453592 kg) and area conversion (1 ft² = 0.092903 m²). For example, 1 lb/(s·ft²) equals 4.88 kg/(s·m²). This conversion is commonly used in Imperial system measurements.
How accurate are mass flux density conversions?
Our converter uses exact mathematical relationships with 10-decimal precision. kg/(s·m²) to g/(s·m²): multiply by 1000 exactly. kg/(s·m²) to kg/(h·m²): multiply by 3600 exactly. kg/(s·m²) to lb/(h·ft²): multiply by 737.338 exactly. These conversions ensure precision for scientific and engineering applications in chemical engineering and materials science.
How is mass flux density measured in practice?
Mass flux density is measured by monitoring mass changes over time and area, using techniques like gravimetric analysis, flow measurement, or diffusion cell methods. Measurements are performed at controlled conditions, and mass flux density is calculated from mass flow rate and area. Converting mass flux density units helps engineers interpret measurements and compare data across different experimental methods and international standards.
How does mass flux density relate to mass transfer coefficient?
Mass transfer coefficient (k, m/s) relates to mass flux density through concentration difference: J = k(C₁ - C₂), where C is concentration. Higher mass transfer coefficients increase mass flux density for given concentration differences. Converting mass flux density units helps engineers calculate mass transfer coefficients, design separation processes, and optimize mass transfer operations when working with different measurement systems.
How to convert between different time units for mass flux density?
Use time conversions: 1 s = 60 min = 3600 h. For mass flux density: kg/(s·m²) to kg/(min·m²) multiplies by 60, since 1 min = 60 s. kg/(s·m²) to kg/(h·m²) multiplies by 3600, since 1 h = 3600 s. Converting helps engineers work with different time scales in process engineering, environmental monitoring, and materials science applications.
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